Anti Oxidant
Reduce Cardiovascular Disease
Helps Promote Health
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What are antioxidant vitamins?
Much research has recently focused on how antioxidant
vitamins may reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Antioxidant vitamins —
E, C and beta carotene (a form of vitamin A) — have potential health-promoting
properties. Though the data are incomplete, up to 30 percent of Americans
are taking some form of antioxidant supplement. |
Antioxidants are molecules that slow or prevent the oxidation
of other chemicals. Oxidation is a redox chemical reaction that transfers
electrons from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation reactions can
involve the production of
free radicals, which can form dangerous chain reactions. Antioxidants can
terminate these chain reactions by removing radical intermediates and can
inhibit other oxidation reactions by being oxidized themselves. As a result,
antioxidants are often reducing agents such as thiols or phenols.
Although oxidation reactions are critical for life, they
can also be damaging; hence, plants and animals maintain complex systems
of multiple types of antioxidants, such as glutathione, vitamin C, and
vitamin E as well as enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and
various peroxidases. Low levels of antioxidant molecules or inhibition
of these antioxidant enzymes causes oxidative stress and may damage or
kill cells.
As oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis
of many human diseases, the use of antioxidants in pharmacology is intensively
studied, particularly as treatments for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
However, it is unknown whether oxidative stress is the cause or the consequence
of such diseases. Antioxidants are also widely used as ingredients in dietary
supplements in the hope of maintaining health and preventing diseases such
as cancer and coronary heart disease. Although some studies have suggested
antioxidant supplements have health benefits, other large clinical trials
did not detect any benefit for the formulations tested, and excess supplementation
may occasionally be harmful. In addition to these uses in medicine, antioxidants
have many industrial uses, such as preservatives in food and cosmetics
and preventing the degradation of rubber and gasoline.
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